brown spiders in new mexico

3 min read 03-12-2024

Meta Description: Discover the diverse world of brown spiders in New Mexico! This guide identifies common species, highlights their unique characteristics, and offers tips for prevention and treatment of bites. Learn about their habitats, behaviors, and what to do if you encounter one. Learn how to identify dangerous species and what steps to take if bitten.

Identifying Brown Spiders in New Mexico

New Mexico's diverse landscape supports a variety of spider species, many of which are brown. Identifying them correctly is crucial, as some pose a greater threat than others. This guide will help you differentiate between harmless and potentially harmful brown spiders.

Common Brown Spider Species

Brown Recluse ( Loxosceles reclusa): While not exclusively found in New Mexico, brown recluses are present in some areas of the state, particularly in the southern and eastern regions. They are characterized by a violin-shaped marking on their cephalothorax (the fused head and chest). Their bites can cause necrotic lesions.
Giant Crab Spider (Olios giganteus): These large spiders are often mistaken for other species due to their size and varied coloring. They are generally harmless to humans despite their intimidating appearance. They're usually a light tan to dark brown.
Various Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae): Many wolf spider species in New Mexico are brown, exhibiting variations in shades and markings. They are hunting spiders, not building webs, and are generally not aggressive towards humans. Their bites may cause localized pain and swelling, but rarely require medical attention.
Other Brown Spiders: Many other less common species exist, often displaying variations in shades of brown and patterns. Without specific identification, it's difficult to determine their individual characteristics. Accurate identification often requires expertise from an entomologist or arachnologist.

Distinguishing Features: How to Tell Them Apart

Identifying spiders requires careful observation. Look for key features like:

Body Shape: Long legs, round abdomen, etc.
Color and Markings: Note the presence of spots, bands, or unique patterns.
Size: Measure the spider (if possible) to estimate its size.
Web Type (if present): Different spiders build different types of webs.
Habitat: Where was the spider found? This can provide clues about its species.

It's important to note: Accurate spider identification from photographs is challenging. For definitive identification, it is best to contact a local expert or university entomology department.

Habitats of Brown Spiders in New Mexico

Brown spiders in New Mexico occupy various habitats. Understanding their preferred environments can help you minimize encounters.

Indoor Habitats

Dark, undisturbed areas: Attics, basements, closets, and storage areas are favorite hiding spots.
Behind furniture: Check under and behind large furniture pieces.
Garages and sheds: These spaces often provide shelter and prey.

Outdoor Habitats

Woodpiles: Spiders seek refuge in piles of wood, leaves, and debris.
Rocks and crevices: Dry, rocky areas offer protection and hunting grounds.
Underneath loose bark: Trees and logs provide shelter from the elements.

Brown Spider Bites: Prevention and Treatment

While most brown spider bites are not medically significant, some, like the brown recluse, can be dangerous.

Preventing Bites

Clean up clutter: Remove debris, woodpiles, and clutter to eliminate hiding places.
Wear gloves: When working in potentially spider-infested areas.
Inspect clothing and shoes: Before putting them on, especially if they've been stored for a while.
Seal cracks and crevices: Prevent spiders from entering your home.
Use insect repellent: Some repellents may deter spiders, although effectiveness varies.

Treatment of Bites

Clean the bite area: Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
Apply ice: Reduce swelling and pain.
Monitor for symptoms: Watch for signs of infection, increased pain, or necrotic lesions.
Seek medical attention: If you suspect a brown recluse bite or experience severe symptoms. A doctor can provide appropriate treatment, potentially including antibiotics.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Are brown spiders in New Mexico dangerous?

A: The level of danger varies greatly depending on the species. Most brown spiders are harmless, but some, such as the brown recluse, have venom that can cause serious complications. Accurate identification is crucial.

Q: What should I do if I find a brown spider in my home?

A: If you are comfortable doing so, carefully capture and release the spider outdoors. If you are unable or uncomfortable handling the spider, gently remove it with a glass and a piece of stiff paper. Contact pest control for professional assistance if needed.

Q: How can I tell a brown recluse from other brown spiders?

A: The violin-shaped marking on the cephalothorax is a key identifier, but even experts sometimes need closer examination. Don't rely solely on visual identification for brown recluses.

This guide offers information for educational purposes only. Always seek professional medical advice for spider bites or any health concerns. Remember that many brown spiders in New Mexico are harmless, and peaceful coexistence is usually possible.